Who has the authority to declare war in the United States?

The authority to declare war in the United States rests with Congress, specifically granted by the Constitution. This power is outlined in Article I, Section 8, which gives Congress the authority to declare war and regulate the armed forces. The framers of the Constitution vested this power in Congress as a way to ensure that the decision to engage in military conflict involved broader deliberation and representation, rather than being solely at the discretion of a single individual.

While the President serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces and can direct military operations, this role does not extend to declaring war. The President can engage in military actions and has the authority to respond to immediate threats without prior congressional approval, but a formal declaration of war must always come from Congress. This structure aims to balance the power between the legislative and executive branches, reflecting the democratic principles of collective decision-making and accountability in matters of national defense.