Which constitutional amendment guarantees the right to fair compensation during eminent domain?

The 5th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution includes the "Takings Clause," which specifically addresses the issue of eminent domain. This clause states that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. This means that if the government needs to acquire private property to carry out a public project, they are required to provide fair compensation to the property owner.

This principle ensures that individuals are not unfairly deprived of their property without adequate remuneration, reflecting a fundamental protection of property rights and justice within American law. The requirement for just compensation aims to provide a balance between the needs of the government to serve public interests and the rights of private individuals.

In contrast, the other amendments listed do not have provisions specifically related to the concept of eminent domain. Therefore, the 5th Amendment is the correct answer as it directly relates to ensuring fair compensation when the government takes private property for public use.