Which branch of government is responsible for declaring war?

The legislative branch is responsible for declaring war, as outlined in the U.S. Constitution. Specifically, Article I, Section 8 grants Congress the power to declare war. This division of powers is designed to ensure that the decision to engage in military conflict is made collectively by elected representatives, reflecting the will of the people rather than being left solely to the executive branch.

While the executive branch, led by the President, has the authority to direct military operations and respond to immediate threats, it does not have the constitutional power to declare war without Congressional approval. The judicial branch does not have any role in the process of declaring war; its focus is primarily on interpreting the law and resolving disputes. This separation of powers serves to maintain a check and balance within the government, ensuring that no single branch has unilateral control over such a significant and impactful decision.