Which body has the sole power to impeach federal officials?

The House of Representatives has the sole power to impeach federal officials, making it a critical component of the checks and balances in the U.S. government. This power is outlined in the Constitution, specifically in Article I, Section 2, which states that the House has the authority to bring charges against federal officials, including the President, for misconduct. Impeachment is essentially the formal accusation of wrongdoing, which does not automatically remove an official from office but leads to a trial.

Once the House votes to impeach, the process moves to the Senate, where a trial is conducted to determine whether the official should be removed from office. It's important to note that while the House initiates the impeachment process, the Senate has the power to convict and remove officials following the trial.

The other options do not have the authority to impeach: the Senate's role is to conduct the trial after impeachment has occurred, the Supreme Court interprets the law but does not engage in impeachment processes, and the Executive Branch is responsible for executing laws rather than participating in legislative actions like impeachment. Understanding this separation of powers is crucial for grasping the structure and function of the U.S. government.