What legal principle allows individuals to challenge the government's actions in court?

Judicial review is the legal principle that permits individuals to challenge government actions in court. This principle empowers the judiciary to review the actions of the legislative and executive branches to ensure that they comply with the Constitution. If a person's rights are believed to have been violated by governmental actions, they can seek redress in the courts, where judges examine the legality of those actions based on constitutional standards. This serves as a critical check on government power, ensuring accountability and the protection of individual rights.

For instance, landmark cases such as Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review, allowing courts to invalidate laws and actions that contravene constitutional provisions. This process not only affirms the rule of law but also reinforces the importance of an independent judiciary in maintaining democratic governance.