What is "gerrymandering"?

Gerrymandering refers to the practice of manipulating the boundaries of electoral districts to favor one political party over another. This practice is often used to gain an advantage in elections by concentrating or diluting certain populations of voters. For example, by drawing district lines in a way that clusters voters from a particular party into a few districts, a political party can maximize its representation within those districts while minimizing it in others. This alteration can lead to significant disparities between the percentage of votes received and the number of seats won, challenging the fundamental principle of fair representation in a democratic system.

The other options, while related to the electoral and political process, do not accurately describe gerrymandering. Reforming campaign financing, establishing voter registration rules, and encouraging civic engagement all pertain to different areas of the electoral process and governance, without addressing the specific manipulation of district boundaries that defines gerrymandering.