What is a defining characteristic of a federal government system?

A defining characteristic of a federal government system is the division of powers between national and local governments. In this framework, authority is constitutionally allocated to both levels of government, allowing them to operate independently within their respective domains. This balance of power facilitates a governance model where local governments can address regional issues while the national government manages broader national interests.

This division is foundational to federal systems, enabling diversity in law and policy that reflects the unique needs of various regions. Such a structure may enhance representation, promote local autonomy, and allow for experimentation in governance. In contrast, other options describe different governance structures: a centrally controlled government indicates a unitary system where power is concentrated at the national level, while direct rule from the national capital suggests limited regional authority, both of which are not characteristic of federalism.