What institution is responsible for interpreting the Constitution?

The Supreme Court is the institution responsible for interpreting the Constitution. This is established by the principle of judicial review, which allows the Court to assess whether laws or executive actions are in accordance with the Constitution. This power was affirmed in the landmark case of Marbury v. Madison in 1803, where the Supreme Court asserted its role in reviewing legislative acts to ensure they align with constitutional principles.

The Executive branch, led by the President, enforces laws but does not interpret the Constitution. The Legislative branch, consisting of Congress, is responsible for creating laws, not interpreting them. Lastly, the Federal Reserve primarily focuses on monetary policy and regulating the banking system; it does not engage in constitutional interpretation. The distinct separation of powers within the U.S. government assigns the critical task of constitutional interpretation specifically to the judiciary, with the Supreme Court being the highest authority in this domain.