What defines a monarchy?

A monarchy is defined by the concentration of power within a single individual who typically ascends to this position through hereditary means rather than through election or appointment. In a monarchy, the ruler, often referred to as a king or queen, inherits their position, which usually follows a predetermined line of succession established by family lineage. This system emphasizes continuity and stability, as the ruling family is often seen as a traditional authority.

The other options represent different forms of governance that contrast sharply with monarchy. A government led by elected officials is characteristic of a democratic system, where leaders are chosen based on the will of the electorate. A republic relies on elected representatives and is often governed by principles of majority rule, which are not compatible with the hereditary nature of a monarchy. Meanwhile, a democratic system with multiple leaders suggests a structure that promotes shared power and accountability, which stands in opposition to the singular authority found in a monarchy.