What are the two houses of Congress called?

The correct answer identifies the two houses of Congress as the Senate and the House of Representatives. This structure is foundational to the United States legislative system as established by the Constitution. The Senate consists of two senators from each state, serving staggered six-year terms, which ensures that the upper chamber has a level of experience and continuity. The House of Representatives, on the other hand, is made up of representatives who are elected based on state populations, serving two-year terms, allowing for a more responsive and directly democratic function of government.

This bicameral arrangement allows for a checks and balances system within the legislature, where both houses must agree on legislation before it can be signed into law. It also reflects the federal nature of the government, balancing the influence of populous states with less populous ones.

Other answer choices incorrectly name legislative bodies that do not exist in the U.S. Congress or mix up different government functions. The Assembly refers to various state legislative bodies but is not used for the federal legislative framework. The House of Lords is part of the United Kingdom's Parliament and thus irrelevant to the U.S. system. The Cabinet is a group of senior officials responsible for advising the President and is not a legislative body.