In the context of the U.S. government, what role does Congress play regarding military actions?

Congress plays a crucial role in military actions through its constitutional powers, particularly in declaring war and approving military spending. The Constitution grants Congress the authority to declare war, thereby ensuring that military engagements are a product of legislative consensus rather than unilateral decisions by the executive branch. This requirement reflects the Founding Fathers' intention to create a system of checks and balances, preventing any single branch of government from having excessive power over military decisions.

Additionally, Congress is responsible for approving military budgets, which have direct implications for the funding and readiness of the armed forces. This financial oversight allows Congress to influence military priorities and strategy indirectly through its power of the purse.

While Congress does not conduct daily military operations—this responsibility falls under the executive branch, specifically the President and the Department of Defense—its role in declaring war and approving military expenditures is foundational to U.S. military policy. Appointing the Secretary of Defense is also a function of the legislative branch, as this individual is confirmed by Congress. However, the overarching authority concerning military actions resides in Congress’s power to declare war and manage funding for military efforts.